If the colliding bodies move along the same straight path before and after the collision, it is said to be one - dimensional collision (Principal of PHYSICS).
Consider two bodies of masses m1 and m2 moving with initial velocities u1 and u2 (such that u1>u2) in a same direction. Let after the collision velocity of the bodies change into v1 and v2 in a same direction.
According to principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum,
m1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m2v2 .......... (i)
m1(u1−v1)=m2(v2−u2) .......... (ii)
According to the principle of Conservation of Kinetic Energy,
Dividing equation (iii) by equation (ii), then we get
u1+v1=u2+v2
or, u1−u2=v2−v1 .......... (iv)
This equation (iv) shows that: "In Perfectly elastic collision the relative speed of approach (u1−u2) is equal to the relative speed of separation (v2−v1)".
» Now, we have to calculate the final velocity of bodies v1 and v2:
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