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E1.5 Elastic Collision in 1 - Dimensional:

If the colliding bodies move along the same straight path before and after the collision, it is said to be one - dimensional collision (Principal of PHYSICS).
Consider two bodies of masses m1 and m2 moving with initial velocities u1 and u2 (such that u1>u2) in a same direction. Let after the collision velocity of the bodies change into v1 and v2 in a same direction.
According to principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum,
m1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m2v2 .......... (i)
m1(u1v1)=m2(v2u2) .......... (ii)
According to the principle of Conservation of Kinetic Energy,
12m1u12+12m2u22=12m1v12+12m2v22
or,  m1(u12v12)=m2(v22u22)
or,       m1(u1+v1)(u1v1)=m2(v2+u2)(v2u2) .......... (iii)
Dividing equation (iii) by equation (ii), then we get
u1+v1=u2+v2
or, u1u2=v2v1 .......... (iv)
This equation (iv) shows that: "In Perfectly elastic collision the relative speed of approach (u1u2) is equal to the relative speed of separation (v2v1)".

» Now, we have to calculate the final velocity of bodies v1 and v2:
From equation (iv),        v2=u1u2+v1 .......... (v)
Substituting the value of v2 in equation (i),
m1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m2(u1u2+v1)

v1=(m1m2)u1+2m2u2m1+m2 .......... (vi)
Similarly,
v2=(m2m1)u2+2m1u1m1+m2 .......... (vii)

Play with this: Elastic Collision (1 - D Calculator).
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