Spirituality, Quantum Physics & Life: Nobel Prize

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The Nobel Prize in physics - 2018

"for ground breaking inventions in the field of laser physics"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 was awarded "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics" with:

One half to Arthur Ashkin "for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems".

The other half jointly to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses".

Did you know we can move atoms with light?

One of the new areas of research that has arisen in recent years is attosecond physics. Laser pulses shorter than a hundred attoseconds (one attosecond is a billionth of a billionth of a second) reveal the dramatic world of electrons.

Electrons are the workhorses of chemistry; they are responsible for the optical and electrical properties of all matter and for chemical bonds. Now they are not only observable, but they can also be controlled.

Many applications for these new laser techniques are waiting just around the corner – faster electronics, more effective solar cells, better catalysts, more powerful accelerators, new sources of energy, or designer pharmaceuticals. No wonder there is tough competition in laser physics.

The CPA technique revolutionised laser technology:

The CPA technique revolutionised laser technology enabled the emission of very intense, short pulses of light using an intricate method to avoid the risk of destroying the amplifying material.

Instead of amplifying the light pulse directly, it is first stretched in time, reducing its peak power. Then the pulse is amplified and when it is compressed more light is collected in the same place – the light pulse becomes extremely intense.

A laser’s extremely high intensity also makes its light a tool for changing the properties of matter: electrical insulators can be converted to conductors, and ultra-sharp laser beams make it possible to cut or drill holes in various materials extremely precisely – even in living matter.

For example, lasers can be used to create more efficient data storage, as the storage is not only built on the surface of the material, but also in tiny holes drilled deep into the storage medium. The technology is also used to manufacture surgical stents, micrometresized cylinders of stretched metal that widen and reinforce blood vessels, the urinary tract and other passageways inside the body.

The short pulses from a femtosecond laser (right) cause less damage in the material than the million-times longer pulses from a nanosecond laser (left). Ultrashort and intense laser pulses are used in eye surgery, data storage and the manufacture of medical stents for operations in the body’s vessels.

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Nobel Mind - Nobel Laureates discussed the discoveries:

The total Natural Law is there beyond the limitations of space-time boundaries. ~ Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

The 2019 Nobel Laureates met at the old Stockholm Stock Exchange Building (Börshuset) in Gamla stan, Stockholm for the traditional round-table discussion and TV program 'Nobel Minds'. The discussion was hosted by the BBC's Zeinab Badawi.

This year's 2018 Nobel Prize winners gather for a talk about research, motivation and the future. Hosted by BBC World's Zeinab Badawi. Recorded in Grünewalds Hall at Konserthuset in Stockholm.

The 2017 Nobel Laureates met at the Grünewald Hall in the Stockholm Concert Hall in Stockholm for the traditional round-table discussion and TV program 'Nobel Minds'. The discussion was hosted by the BBC's Zeinab Badawi.

The 2016 Nobel Laureates gather for a conversation about research, drive and vision. The conversation was filmed at the Grünewald Hall at Stockholm Concert Hall. Hosted by BBC World's Zeinab Badawi.

The 2015 Nobel Laureates met at the Grünewald Hall in the Stockholm Concert Hall in Stockholm on 11 December 2015 for the annual round-table discussion and TV program 'Nobel Minds'. The Nobel Laureates discussed the discoveries for which they've been honored, how these can be applied in a practical way, and the role of science in today's society. The discussion was hosted by Zeinab Badawi of the BBC.

The 2014 Nobel Laureates met at the Grünewald Hall in the Stockholm Concert Hall in Stockholm on 11 December 2014 for the traditional round-table discussion and TV program 'Nobel Minds'. The Nobel Laureates discussed the discoveries for which they've been honored, how these can be applied in a practical way, and the role of science in today's society. The discussion was hosted by Zeinab Badawi of the BBC.

This year's Nobel Laureates in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine and Economics speak in the same building in Stockholm where they have received their awards. The Laureates talk about the discoveries for which they've been honored, how they can be applied in a practical way, and how they reached this summit of academic achievement.

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2016 Nobel Prize:

For the greatest benefit to mankind ~ Alfred Nobel

2016 Nobel Prize in Physics:

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, One half awarded to David J. Thouless, the other half jointly to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz:

"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter"

2016 Nobel prize Award Ceremony:

The 2016 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony took place at Stockholm Concert Hall at 4:30 PM CET on Saturday, 10 December, 2016.

PS_2.3.2 Electron Transfer Reaction - Nobel Prize:

The Nobel prize in Chemistry in 1992 was awarded to Rudolph A. Marcus - "for the contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems."

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992 [1]

Reaction rate is a fundamental concept in chemistry. A mixture of chemical compounds undergoes changes or chemical reactions at different rates. During the reaction, no bonds are broken, there are still small changes in structure when electrons are added or removed.
Further more, Here have to click a Press Release which held on Nobel Academy, 12 October 1992.

Here is the Nobel Lecture, held on December 8 1992:

By Rudolph A. Marcus*: ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS IN CHEMISTRY: THEORY AND EXPERIMENT (pdf).

PS_2.3.1 Photosynthesis Reaction Center - Nobel Prize:

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 was awarded jointly to Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber and Hartmut Michel - "for the determination of the three - dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre".

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988[1]

Photosynthesis - the most important chemical reaction on earth. In the green leaves of plants solar light is converted to chemical energy, which is used as nutrition not only by the green plants themselves but also for example: by cows who eat green grass, by ourselves who eat the meat of the cow and drink its milk, and so on through the nutritional chain.

Further more, Here have to click a Press Release which held on Nobel Academy, 19 October 1988.

Here is the Nobel Lecture held on December 8, 1988:

By JOHANN DEISENHOFER* and HARTMUT MCHEL**: The Photosynthetic Reaction Center from the Purple Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas Viridis (pdf).

By ROBERT HUBER*: A Structural basis of light energy and Electron Transfer in Biology (pdf).

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014:

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 was awarded jointly to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura - "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving whithe light sources".